Wandering the densely packed showfloor at E3 this month, it was tempting to think that nothing about video games has changed much over the past few years. This gigantic video game show, which attracts 40,000 publishers, developers, players and journalists every year, is an unashamedly mainstream event – a raucous celebration of multimillion dollar mega brands all attempting to out-hype each other.

But there were more subtle trends to observe beneath the simulated gunfire, sword clashes and engine noise. The rise of independent video games and the influence of smartphones and social media are all having an effect on game creators, even in the biggest Triple A brands like Call of Duty and Assassin’s Creed.

So here are five of the most of the most transformative ideas bubbling under the surface of video game design.

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